Explosive-engine.



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'E xPLoslv'E ENGINE.- (apumi'bp med Jan. l1v, 1901,)

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MATHIAS J. KLEIN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

ExPLoslvE-ENGINE.

sPncIFIcATIoN forming part of Lea-.ers rates No. 704,713, dated July f15, 1902.

Application tiled January 1'7, 1901. Serial No. 43.659. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom, it 711/053/ concern: Be it known that I, MArnIAs J. KLEIN,.a

citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Baltimore, Stateof Maryland, have in- Vented certain new and useful Improvemen ts inExplosive-Engines, of 'whichthe following is a speciiication. Y

This invention relates to gas, oil, and other explosive-engines of thefour-cycle type. In

'piston extension on theV compression side of the cylinder-and also toadd other improve-l ments regarding cylinder-cooling. I reduce vtherebynot only the loss of heat transmitted through the cylinder-walls, butalso simplify the cooling of the cylinder', and the engine will properlywork under much varied condision side of the piston. The increase inlength tions-for instance, high speed or low speed of the engine, use ofdifferent kinds of oil or gas, high or low compression of the explosivegas and air mixture before ignition. In order `,to accomplish this, thecylinder and piston are increased in their lengths on the compresisequal tothe length of the piston-stroke or Said increases are called inthe following cylinder extension and piston e`X- tension. The former hasthe same diameter` as the cylinder; but the piston extension is slightlysmaller in diameter than the piston.

That part of the cylinder which guides the piston is lubricated on theinside and cooled on the outside by a water-jacket. Air-ribs on theoutside of the water-jacket cool the water inside of the jacket. Thecylinder extension which incloses the compression-space has a removableinsulation on the outside. The dry air in the hollow space of the pistoneX- tension represents an insulation on the inside of the latter.

This invention is fully illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section of a single-actingcylinder of an explosive-engine of the four-cycle type'provided with myimprovement. v-The position of the piston is to the extreme left. Fig. 2shows the same section of the cylinder with the piston in side View andin the position to the extreme right. v The same parts are marked withthe same letters in bothiigures.

Those parts of the explosive-engine not l shown may be of any suitableconstruction.

Thevalves not shown) are cooled in the usual way by air-ribs or awater-jacket.v

Referring to Fig. l, A is the cylinder which guides the pistou D. Thelatter-is connected by the connecting-rod F to the crank-shaft of theengine.- (Not shown.) A0, from A2 to A3, represents the cylinderextension. "It has the same diameter asA,and its insulation C mustbetireproof. The latter consists of two or more parts which areconnectedtogether by means of the screws o 0. The whole insulation C cantherefore quickly and easily beremoved from lthe cylinder extension A(land put again around the same when required. The cylinder A, from A tola, comes in touch "with piston D and must be lubricated, which is donein some suitable Way. (Not shown.)

` Cylinder A is cooled from A2 tol bythe water-jacket B. Zimay come moreor less near toA. l yThe air-ribs Baround the water-jacket-B cool theWater inside of the jacket, and this vWater cools the cylinder in a moreuniform' Way than air-ribs alone coulddo it, kThe openings band bf on.thehighest and lowest point of the` water-jacket may be connected on theoutside vofthe lcylinder 'by a circulating-pipe open on its highestpointto the at- Inosphere,oi` h ymaybe closed by the smallv water-cock H,Fig.2,and b connected by a pipe to the small water-tank G,open on its top tothe atmosphere and having a higher position than the water-jacket B, orh may be open to the atmosphere, as shown in Fig; l, (h' being closed,)or to the opening b may be connected a check-valve opening to theoutside and itsV valve pressing only lightly on its seat. In either ofthese cases there will be practically only atmospheric pressure (or alower pressure) inside of the Water-jacket Brand therefore the-water inthe jacket will not have a higher temperature than 212 Fahrenheit. Thewater-jacket cooling the valves of the en gine may have connectionwithjacketB. All

the Water in the latter and in tank G may be taken out by means ofwater-cock H, Fig. 2.-

The pistou D, from D' to D2, with its piston-rings m near D2, is guidedand cooled by cylinder A. The piston extension D0, from D2 to D3, is alittle smaller in diameter than piston D. Its smaller diameter may beuniform, or it may decrease slightly from D2 to D2. This pistonextension D comes, therefore, never in touch with cylinder A or itsextension A0. It removes the compressionspace with its very-hot wallsaway from the Water-jacket B.

't' D2, equal yto 7a D2, Fig. 2, represents the length of thepiston-stroke, which is something shorter than the length of the pistonextension D2 D3. D2 moves between 7c and D2, and D3 between 'L' and I)3or D3 and h, Fig. l. The limit A2 between water-jacketB and. insulationC is placed about midway between D2 and 72, or between 7.-: and D3, Fig.2. The

plate D4 (consisting of one or more parts and connected by means of thescrews CZ d to ring D5 inside of the piston) closes the hollow spaceEofthe piston extension. The inclosed dry air or' gas in E serves as aninsulation, so that not much heat can escape through the open piston endD'.

The thin cylindrical ring of gas around the piston extension D0 moveswith the piston forward and backward. It takes up heat from the hotwalls of the cylinder extension A0 when the pistou is moving to the leftand gives this heat oif to the cooling-Water When the piston moves tothe right. The amount of heat, however, transmitted in this way to thecooling-water is very small, because the said gas rin, r is very thin.(The diameter of the pislon extension from D2 to D3 is only one or twoper cent. smaller than the diameter of the cylinder.) Another smallamount of heat will travel from the hot compression-space through themetals of A0 and D0 to the cool places A2 and D2 and will also be takenup by the cooling-water in the water-jacket, and some heat will gothrough' theinsulation C to the surrounding atmosphere; but all theselosses of heat represent only a small part of the quantity of heat whichgoes through the cylinderwalls` when the compression-space is directlycooled by a water-jacket or air-ribs. Usually the amount of heattransmitted to the Water in jacket B will be so small that the air-ribsB will be able to take o all this heat, and consequently no evaporationof the Water in jacket B takes place, and therefore said Water will lastfor a long while. Should by a high speed of the engine the air-ribs Bnot be able totake olf all the heat transmitted to the water in jacketB, then of course some water in the latter would evaporate and escapethrough the opening b as steamto the atmospheraand therefore thewater-tank G has to be filled up with water from time to time, so thatthe water-jacket B is always full of water when the machine is inoperation. There, however, is no need for au extra Water-cooler, and noWater-circulating pump is required. Y The cooling of the cylinder istherefore a simple mattei', and as the tem'- perature of. the water injacket B does not go over 212 Fahrenheit there will be no trouble inregard to piston lubrication.

When the' engine is used as a gas-engine or the engine using au oilhaving a low boilingpoint-for instance, gasolene-and the compression ofthe explosive-gas mixture before its ignition is low, in such cases theaverage temperature of the Walls of the compressionspace will bemoderatelyhigh and the engine having a construction as before describedwill Work well; but in case an oil having a high boiling-point is usedin the enginefor instance, ordinary kerosene, as used in lam ps--and thecompression of the explosivegas mixture is very high before ignition ofthe same in such cases the average temperature of the walls of thecompression-space will be much hi gher,as before, the explosive-gasmixture may be ignited too early by these hot walls, and consequentlythe engine Vwill not work properly or may no t Work at all under suchconditions. In such cases the removing of the insulation C and ofpiston-plate D4 will restore the proper Working of the engine. By takingout the screws (marked c and d) the insulation C and plate E4 can botheasily be removed. Now more heat will go through the Walls A0 and -DO tothe surrounding atmosphere. economical as before; but the temperature ofthe walls of the compression-space Will be kept sufficiently low for aproper working'of the engine.

The shape of the air-ribs around the Waterjacket B may be different fromthe shape shown in the drawings. The larger the surface of these ribsthe better is their cooling effect. Whatever the position of theexplosive-cylinder may be, b is always the highest and b' the lowestpoint of the water-jacket B, and the latter is so constructed that anysteam produced inside of the jacket can escape at b. Usually,^however,such steamis condensed inside of the jacket by the cooling effect of theair-ribs B. j'

The cylinder and its extension are shown in the drawings as one piece ofmetal. They may, however, be constructed of several parts connectedtogether. So, for instance, the cylinder from A to A2 may be of brass,and the cylinder extension from A2 to A3 may be of steel, both connectedat A2. In the same way the piston and its extension (shown as one piecein the drawings) may be from D to D2, for instance, of bronze and fromD2 to D3 of steel or iron and both connected at D2. Instead of differentmetals the same metal may be used. y

In case the explosive-engine has more than one cylinder, in suchcaseevery cylinder is constructed as before described.

I am aware that cylinders of explosive-engines having ou the compressionside of the The engine'does not work quite so IIO IIS

cylinder a piston extension entering into an insulated cylinderextension, while the other part of the cylinder is cooled by aWaterjacket, have been constructed many years before. The presentinvention is an improvement of such an arrangement.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In an explosive-engine of the four-cycle type, the combination, of asingle-acting cylinder, having on the compression side of the same aninsulated cylinder extension, and on the other side of the cylinder aWaterjacket, the highest point of the latter having communication Withthe atmosphere as described, said Water-jacket being surrounded byair-ribs for cooling thewater in the jacket, of a piston, having ahollow piston extension slightly smaller in diameter than the piston, inlength equal to the piston-stroke or longer, and extending into thecylinder extension, the hollow space of the piston extension beingclosed to the atmosphere, for the purpose and substantially as kshownand described.

2. In an explosive-engine of the four-cycle type, the combination, ofthe single-acting cylinder A, having the cylinder extension A0,

the latter being surrounded by the removable' insulation C, the otherside of the cylinder having the Water-jacket B, the latter, by means ofopening b, being in communication with the atmosphere as described, andhaving the air-ribs B for cooling the Water in the jacket, of a pistonD,having the hollow piston extension D", slightly smaller in diameter thanpiston D, its length D2 D8 being equal to the piston-stroke or longerand extending into the cylinder extension, the hollow space -E of thepiston extension being closed by the removable plate D4, the Wholeconstructed, to be operated and to workin the manner and for thepurpose, substantially as described.

3. In an explosive-engine of the four-cycle type, the combination, of asingle-acting cylinder, having on the compression side of the same acylinder extension, and on the other side of the cylinder awater-jacket, the highest point of the latter having communication withthe atmosphere as described, said Water-jacket being surrounded byair-ribs for cooling the Water in the jacket, of a piston, having ahollow pistonk extension slightly smaller in diameter than the piston,in length equal to the pistonstroke or longer, and extending into thecylinder extension, the hollow space of the piston extension being open.to the atmosphere, for the purpose and substantially as shown anddescribed.

1 /In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

n MATHIASl J. KLEIN. Witnesses:

JOHN G. MUELLER, F. LE GRAND CARLIN.

